0Georges Corm's work on the contemporary Middle East, and the relationship between Europe and the Middle East, is essential reading. This concise account of the history of the Middle East from before Islam to the present day is a vivid reminder of what Corm calls the "geology of cultures." In order to paint a true picture of this incredibly complex part of the world, situated at the crossroads of three continents, the author examines the "geographical foundations" on which the Anatolian, Iranian, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian empires were built. Such an approach avoids confusion between people with separate languages who have remained in constant interaction - Iranians, Turks, and Arabs, all now part of the "Islamic world." The unfortunate dynamics of the relationship between the West and the Middle East, and the decline of this region over the past two centuries, are clearly and objectively explained, taking into account social and economic factors usually overlooked in studies of Islam and the Muslim world.