4Science and innovation have been at the core of America's economic and political activity since at least the end of World War II. But much has changed over the past seventy years, and the design principles and policy tools that structure science and innovation systems in the United States must change along with it. This book collects innovative methods and tools that can guide the design and operation of science policy as it meets the needs of a rapidly changing world. Representing two decades of work by scholars from and affiliated with Arizona State University's Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes, New Tools for Science Policy is a landmark work of science policy theory and practice. This volume explores how to produce useable science for better decision making and how to improve the public value of science. The second volume looks at the governance of emerging technologies. Both volumes are indispensable texts for policy practitioners and researchers as they build and improve knowledge enterprises capable of addressing the ever-growing number of challenges that confront society.